(FBI) – A criminal offense against a person or property motivated in whole or in part by an offender’s bias against a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, ethnicity, gender or gender identity.
Federal Bureau of Investigation. (n.d.). Hate crimes: Overview. Retrieved from https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/investigate/civilrights/hate_crimes/overview.
(Virginia) –A criminal act committed against a person or his property with the specific intent of instilling fear or intimidation in the individual against whom the act is perpetrated because of race, religion or ethnic origin or that is committed for restraining that person from exercising his rights under the Constitution or laws of this Commonwealth or of the United States,
- any illegal act directed against any persons or their property because of their race, religion or national origin and
- all other incidents, as determined by law enforcement authorities, intended to intimidate or harass any individual or group because of race, religion or national
93 VA Code § 52-8.5 (2015).
