A way of describing any attitude, action or institutional structure that subordinates (oppresses) a person or group because of their target group, color (racism), gender (sexism), economic status (classism), older age (ageism), religion (e.g., anti‐Semitism), sexual orientation (heterosexism), language/immigrant status (xenophobism), etc.

Institute for Democratic Renewal and Project Change Anti-Racism Initiative. (n.d.). 15 tools for creating healthy, productive interracial/multiracial communities: A community builder’s tool kit (PDF). Retrieved from http://www.racialequitytools.org/resourcefiles/idr.pdf.