Laylat al-Qadr, (Arabic: “Night of Power”) Islamic festival that commemorates the night on which God first revealed the Qurʾān to the Prophet Muhammad through the angel Gabriel (Jibrīl). It is believed to have taken place on one of the final 10 nights of Ramadan in 610 CE, though the exact night is unclear. The date of the annual commemoration thus varies throughout the Islamic world but is most commonly observed on the 23rd night of Ramadan for Shiʿi Muslims and on the 27th for Sunni Muslims.
According to Islamic tradition, the Qurʾān (the literal word of God which was relayed to humanity through Muhammad) was first revealed to Muhammad after a period of habitual meditation in seclusion. During one of his retreats, on Laylat al-Qadr, the angel Gabriel appeared to him and commanded him: “Iqraʾ!” (“Recite!”)
Aside from the celebration of the Qurʾān’s revelation, the annual observance of Laylat al-Qadr holds additional significance as a night in which angels descend to earth with a myriad of tasks, leading to a night of peace, blessings, and divine guidance (qadar) until the dawn. It is thus commemorated with solemnity, devotion, and prayer, and some observers spend the festival in a mosque in retreat (iʿtikāf).
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